REFERENCE: The Georgia and Moldova Moves (Part II)

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The following references are associated with Part II - The War » Preclude To War » The Geopolitical Chess Player » The Georgia and Moldova Moves

NARRATIVE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War

The 2008 Russo-Georgian War was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, on the other. The war took place in August following a period of worsening relations between Russia and Georgia, both formerly constituent republics of the Soviet Union. The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century.

 

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-10-mn-259-story.html

Lithuania, which declared independence little more than a year ago, had been the only Soviet republic to declare full independence before Tuesday’s vote by Georgia’s legislature.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution

The Rose Revolution or Revolution of Roses was a nonviolent change of power that occurred in Georgia in November 2003. The event was brought about by widespread protests over the disputed parliamentary elections and culminated in the resignation of President Eduard Shevardnadze, which marked the end of the Soviet era leadership in the country. The revolution derives its name from the climactic moment, when demonstrators led by Mikheil Saakashvili stormed the Parliament session with red roses in hand.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Ossetia

Only Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria recognise South Ossetia as a sovereign state. Although Georgia does not control South Ossetia, the Georgian government and the United Nations consider the territory part of Georgia.

 

https://www.quora.com/Is-Georgia-a-Slavic-country

The Slavic countries are: The East Slavs, which include those living in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.The West Slavs, which include those living in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia.The South Slavs, which are people who live in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Russia_border

In 2008 Russia (and later four other states) recognised the independence of two self-declared republics within Georgia (Abkhazia and South Ossetia), meaning that in a de facto sense the border is now split into four sections: the Abkhazia–Russia border in the west, the western Georgia–Russia border between Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the South Ossetia–Russia border and the eastern Georgia–Russia border between South Ossetia and Azerbaijan.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (/kɑːrtˈvɛliənz/; Georgian: ქართველები, romanized: kartvelebi, pronounced [kʰɑɾtʰvɛlɛbi]), are a nation and indigenous Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia and the South Caucasus ...Today, 83.9% of the Georgian population, most of whom are ethnic Georgian, follow Eastern Orthodox Christianity. A sizable Georgian Muslim population exists in Adjara. This autonomous Republic borders Turkey, and was part of the Ottoman Empire for a longer amount of time than other parts of the country.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia

South Ossetia is heavily dependent on Russia, and due to this and the fact that North Ossetia is already part of the Russian Federation, it has been proposed that both regions be united under Russian rule.

 

https://www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-east/news/russia-used-lessons-from-georgia-war-in-ukraine-conflict/

On the other hand, Russia was able to take advantage of divisions in the West, with the only countries virulently opposed to Russia at the time being the newest European Union states, led by Poland and Lithuania. ... Ethnic cleansing...Despite fierce opposition from Moscow, the UN General Assembly has adopted 10 resolutions calling for their “safe and dignified return to their homes.” ... But a decade after the war, they still live in settlements built for them across Georgia. And they blame Russia for their plight

 

https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-hybrid-aggression-against-georgia-use-local-and-external-tools

Despite its failure to gain international backing, the Kremlin has been effectively using the occupation as leverage against Georgia by implementing a “borderization” policy ... Russia sees “borderization” not only as a method to weaken Georgian sovereignty but also as a propaganda tool for portraying NATO membership aspirations as damaging for Tbilisi and as granting no solution to the ongoing conflict.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia

The status of Abkhazia is a central issue of the Georgian–Abkhazian conflict and Georgia–Russia relations. Abkhazia is recognised as an independent state by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria. While Georgia lacks control over Abkhazia, the Georgian government and most United Nations member states consider Abkhazia legally a part of Georgia, with Georgia maintaining an official government-in-exile.

 

https://www.dw.com/en/abkhazias-dilemma-no-future-without-russia/a-17873670

One of the causes of the May revolution in Abkhazia was resentment over the close connections to Russia. However, all the presidential candidates glossed over the topic in their election campaigns, noted Russian news weekly Kommersant Vlast. Had a candidate spoken out against the Kremlin, he or she would have risked losing Russian support - but had they spoken out in favor of enhancing ties with Russia, they may have lost votes. Abkhazians seem to prefer a path of independence.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova

In 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR). On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. However, the strip of Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990. The constitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994, and the country became a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government.

 

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/we-want-russia-to-come-say-moldova-protesters/ar-AA17GAXP

Sunday's protests, organised by Moldova's pro-Russian Sor party, are being closely watched by governments across Europe and beyond. Most protesters travelled to the capital city Chisinau by bus, with their costs reportedly covered by the Sor party. Days before the gathering took place, President Maia Sandu warned that Russia was plotting to send military-trained saboteurs into the country, disguised as civilians, to topple her pro-Western government.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria

The Transnistria War followed armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between Transnistrian separatists and Moldova as early as November 1990 at Dubăsari. Volunteers, including Cossacks, came from Russia to help the separatist side. In mid-April 1992, under the agreements on the split of the military equipment of the former Soviet Union negotiated between the former 15 republics in the previous months, Moldova created its own Defence Ministry. According to the decree of its creation, most of the 14th Guards Army's military equipment was to be retained by Moldova. Starting from 2 March 1992, there was concerted military action between Moldova and Transnistria. The fighting intensified throughout early 1992. The former Soviet 14th Guards Army entered the conflict in its final stage, opening fire against Moldovan forces; approximately 700 people were killed. Moldova has since then exercised no effective control or influence on Transnistrian authorities. A ceasefire agreement, signed on 21 July 1992, has held to the present day.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria

The government of Transnistria, a separatist breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova, has requested annexation by Russia numerous times.

 

https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/27/europe/transnistria-moldova-ukraine-russia-war-explainer-intl/index.html

A series of unexplained explosions have occurred in parts of Transnistria, a breakaway territory within Moldova that has housed Russian troops for decades, sparking fears that Moscow’s war could soon stretch beyond Ukraine and create a new theater of conflict in eastern Europe.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War

The war began after the Soviets, under the command of Leonid Brezhnev, had militarily intervened in, or launched an invasion of, Afghanistan to support the local pro-Soviet government that had been installed during Operation Storm-333. Combat took place throughout the 1980s, mostly in the Afghan countryside. ... While the mujahideen were backed by various countries and organizations, the majority of their support came from Pakistan, the United States (as part of Operation Cyclone), the United Kingdom, China, Iran, and the Arab monarchies of the Persian Gulf.

 

https://jam-news.net/russia-annexation-abkhazia-south-ossetia/

Proposals are sounding in Russia to annex Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria and the Donbass.

 

PICTORIAL