REFERENCE: New Natural Gas Agreement (Part I)

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The following references are associated with Part I - The Conflict » CUTTR Plan - The Demands » New Natural Gas Agreement

NARRATIVE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes

The Russia–Ukraine gas disputes refer to a number of disputes between Ukrainian oil and gas company Naftogaz Ukrayiny and Russian gas supplier Gazprom over natural gas supplies, prices, and debts. These disputes have grown beyond simple business disputes into transnational political issues—involving political leaders from several countries—that threaten natural gas supplies in numerous European countries dependent on natural gas imports from Russian suppliers, which are transported through Ukraine.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Ukraine

Ukraine has been estimated to possess natural gas reserves of over 670 billions cubic meters (in 2022), and in 2018 was ranked 26th among countries with proved reserves of natural gas … Ukraine stopped buying gas from Russia in November 2015 to reduce gas dependence after the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian war, but instead buys it indirectly from traders in Western Europe as part of the Russian gas that transits through Ukraine. The contract to transit Russian gas expires at the end of 2024.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych#Russian_gas

According to Yanukovych, relations between Ukraine and Russia in the gas sector were to be built "according to the rules of the market". He saw the gas agreement signed in 2009 after the 2009 Russia-Ukraine gas dispute as very unprofitable for Ukraine and wanted to "initiate the discussion of the most urgent gas issues" after the 2010 presidential election. Yanukovych had promised before his election as Ukrainian President to "solve the issue" concerning the Russian Black Sea Fleet, currently stationed in the Ukrainian port Sevastopol, "in a way so that the interests of Russia or Ukraine would not be harmed". This led to the April 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty. Yanukovych also promised to create a consortium that would allow Russia to jointly operate Ukraine's gas transportation network and he has pledged to help Russia build the South Stream natural gas pipeline. As of June 2010, both did not happen.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_December_2013_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_action_plan

The 17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan was a de facto defunct proposed agreement between the Russian President Vladimir Putin and former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych publicized on 17 December 2013 whereby Russia would buy $15 billion of Ukrainian Eurobonds to be issued by Ukraine and that the cost of Russian natural gas supplied to Ukraine would be lowered to $268 per 1,000 cubic metres (the price was more than $400 at the time).

 

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30131108

Ukraine's revolution: Making sense of a year of chaos … A year has passed since the start of Ukraine's "Revolution of Honour".

Nord Stream 2

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/21/nord-stream-2-explained-what-it-is-and-why-its-proving-controversial.html

Depending on who you ask, Nord Stream 2 is either a sustainable way to ensure European energy security or a proxy for Russian hybrid warfare.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream

Nord Stream (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream"; Russian: Северный поток, Severny potok) is a network of offshore natural gas pipelines which run under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany to provide Western Europe with natural gas. It comprises two separate projects, Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2.

 

https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1422646/russia-news-us-latest-joe-biden-putin-Germany-Nord-Stream-2-gas-pipeline-world-war-3

Joe Biden erupts at Germany over Russia deal as sanctions threatened ... One of many aspects of the project that have recently become targets of renewed US sanctions against Russia in response to Moscow's ongoing dispute with Ukraine.

PICTORIAL

Nord Stream Pipelines

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nordstream.png
Map of the proposed Nord Stream and connecting pipelines
The picture is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.