REVIEW: Historic Crimea

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Summary

This AI summary is generated by Microsoft Edge Copilot:

**Historical Transfer and Territorial Tension over Crimea**

- **Imperial and Soviet Era**:
  - In **1783**, the **Russian Empire** annexed Crimea from under nominal Ottoman influence and ruled it until **1917**.
  - After the Russian Revolution, the **Soviet Union** was formed, and the **Russian Soviet republic** controlled Crimea from **1921 to 1954**.

- **1954 Transfer to Ukraine**:
  - The **Soviet leadership** unexpectedly transferred **Crimea** to the **Ukrainian Soviet republic** in what appeared to be a symbolic gesture.
  - This administrative move left over a **million ethnic Russians** suddenly designated as Ukrainian citizens—many of whom have harbored resentment ever since.

- **Post-Soviet Dispute**:
  - With the **collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991**, Russia and Ukraine became **independent nations**.
  - **Russia sought to reclaim Crimea**, but **Ukraine—and the international community—rejected** that claim.

- **Budapest Memorandum (1994)**:
  - As part of an agreement to dismantle its **nuclear arsenal**, Ukraine received **security assurances** from **Russia, the U.K., and the U.S.**, affirming its **territorial integrity**, including **Crimea**.
  - **Russia signed** the agreement, pledging to respect Ukraine’s borders.

References

See Historic Crimea.